Bio
Victor Hugo was a towering French Romantic writer—poet, novelist, dramatist and public intellectual—whose vast imagination and moral urgency reshaped 19th-century literature. His novels The Hunchback of Notre-Dame and Les Misérables, together with lyric masterworks like Les Contemplations and La Légende des siècles, blend vivid characterization, epic storytelling and social protest. As a leader of Romantic drama with plays such as Hernani and Cromwell he overturned classical conventions and inspired generations of artists; his works have spawned operas, films and the global musical phenomenon Les Misérables. A passionate advocate for social causes, Hugo’s literary genius and political commitment made him a national icon whose influence on culture, language and human rights endures.
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